AU
U012E87

This DTC indicates a data communication interruption between the air conditioning controller (AC ECU) and the electronic fan controller (typically the integrated control module for the condenser fan or radiator fan) — Seal U

Thermal Management System

This DTC indicates a data communication interruption between the air conditioning controller (AC ECU) and the electronic fan controller (typically the integrated control module for the condenser fan or radiator fan).

In the BYD thermal management system architecture, the AC ECU sends fan speed control commands (based on A/C pressure and coolant temperature) to the electronic fan via the CAN or LIN bus, and receives fan operating status, speed feedback, and fault information.

If the communication signal drops continuously for more than the set time threshold (typically 500ms-1s), the system records DTC U012E87.

This fault prevents the fan from adjusting speed on demand, potentially reducing A/C cooling efficiency and causing insufficient heat dissipation for the high-voltage system (motor, battery, and power electronics).

In extreme cases, the system triggers motor over-temperature protection or limits power output; however, under most operating conditions, the vehicle remains drivable for a short time.

5
Cases Logged
5
Causes
Likely Causes — Seal U
  • 1Loose electronic fan wiring harness connector, backed-out terminals, oxidation, or water ingress corrosion causing poor communication signal contact or an intermittent open circuit.
  • 2Electric fan controller internal PCB damage, burnt power supply chip, CAN transceiver failure, or software crash.
  • 3Open or short circuit in the CAN/LIN communication line between the air conditioning controller and the fan (including short to ground or short to power)
  • 4Abnormal electric fan power supply or ground circuit (e.g., blown 30A/40A fuse, faulty relay, loose or corroded ground bolt), preventing normal controller operation.
  • 5A/C controller internal communication module fault or software version defect causing communication handshake failure.
What To Do
  • 1
    Use the VDS2000/3000 diagnostic tool to read the complete fault codes and freeze frame data. Verify if U012E87 is a current fault. Check for related power supply (e.g., B12C series) or communication (e.g., U01 series) fault codes. Record parameters such as vehicle speed and temperature at the time of the fault.
  • 2
    Perform a visual inspection: Open the engine compartment and inspect the electric fan wiring harness connector (usually located above or beside the fan assembly) for looseness, water ingress, mud, sand, or obvious signs of corrosion. Check if the related high-current fuse (usually 30A-40A) in the fuse box is blown.
  • 3
    Power supply and ground check: Disconnect the fan connector and turn the ignition to ON. Measure the voltage between the power supply terminal and ground (must be 12V battery voltage, with a voltage drop not exceeding 0.5V). Measure the resistance between the ground terminal and ground (must be less than 1Ω). Verify the fan controller has a normal operating power supply.
  • 4
    Communication line inspection: Use an oscilloscope or multimeter to measure the CAN_H (approx. 2.6–3.5 V) and CAN_L (approx. 1.5–2.4 V) line voltages, or the LIN line voltage (approx. 7–11 V). Check the wiring for open or short circuits. Measure the CAN bus terminal resistance with the power off (should be approx. 60 Ω, or 120 Ω for a single terminal resistor).
  • 5
    Component swap verification: If conditions allow, swap the electronic fan assembly from the faulty vehicle with one from a known good vehicle and observe if the fault transfers. Alternatively, clear the fault code, use the diagnostic tool to perform the 'Electronic Fan Active Test', and verify the tool controls the fan operation normally.
  • 6
    Software update and replacement: Check the software versions of the air conditioning controller and electronic fan controller. If a newer update is available (especially for communication logic optimization), reflash the software. If the fan controller has hardware damage, replace the electronic fan assembly (usually sold as an integrated unit). If the wiring harness has damage, repair it and apply waterproofing.
Real-World Cases
BYD DTC AI Analysis

Water ingress corroded the Qin EV cooling fan connector, causing intermittent communication loss.

✓
A 2019 Qin EV with 30,000 km had an instrument cluster that intermittently displayed "Thermal Management System Fault", with inconsistent air conditioning cooling. DTC U012E87 (intermittent active fault) was stored. Inspection of the electric fan harness connector revealed obvious water stains and green copper oxide inside. Traced the leak to a deteriorated left front fender seal allowing rainwater to drip directly onto the connector. Repair procedure: Cleaned the male and female terminals with dedicated contact cleaner, applied conductive anti-corrosion paste, replaced the harness waterproof seal, rewrapped with waterproof tape, and repaired the body seal. Road tested for one week with no fault recurrence.
BYD DTC AI Analysis

Internal CAN transceiver chip in cooling fan control module burned out.

✓
Vehicle displayed a motor overheating warning after high-speed driving; air conditioning did not cool. The diagnostic tool showed active DTC U012E87 that would not clear. Fan supply voltage measured 12V (normal) and ground resistance measured 0.2Ω (normal), but CAN_H and CAN_L voltage to ground both read 0V (normal is approximately 2.5V recessive voltage). Removed the electronic fan assembly and found obvious burn marks on the controller's internal PCB; the CAN transceiver chip (TJA1042 or compatible) had surface cracks. Analysis determined the fan motor stalled, causing internal overcurrent damage to the controller. After replacing the electronic fan assembly, communication returned to normal. Active testing confirmed all fan speed settings operated normally.
BYD DTC AI Analysis

AC controller software version defect causing false communication fault

✓
A dealership reported multiple 2019 Qin EVs intermittently logging DTC U012E87 after rain or car washing. Technicians found no faults in the wiring harness or fan assembly, and the fault cleared automatically. BYD factory technical support confirmed that early AC controller software (below V1.2) has an overly sensitive communication fault tolerance mechanism that falsely detects communication loss during 12V power system voltage fluctuations (such as when operating wipers or spraying washer fluid). After upgrading the AC controller to V1.5 (optimizing communication timeout logic) and monitoring for one month, the fault has not reoccurred.
BYD DTC AI Analysis

Chafed wiring harness caused intermittent CAN_L short to ground

✓
When driving on rough roads, the dashboard occasionally displayed fault warnings; operation remained normal on smooth surfaces. DTC U012E87 (history/intermittent) present. Close inspection revealed the electric cooling fan wiring harness had chafed through at the securing clip due to prolonged vibration, damaging the insulation and exposing the CAN_L wire's copper strands. This contacted the body metal, causing a short to ground. Cut out the damaged harness section and soldered in replacement wire of identical specification. Applied double-layer heat shrink tubing for insulation. Rerouted the harness and fitted anti-chafe sleeving, ensuring clearance from sharp edges. Road testing confirmed the repair.
BYD DTC AI Analysis

Loose ground bolt on the cooling fan caused communication failure.

✓
DTC U012E87 appeared after accident repairs. Inspection found that during collision repair, removal and refitting of the front wiring harness left the electric fan earth wire (normally a thick black cable) mounting bolt loose, resulting in 15Ω earth resistance. Although the fan could sometimes run at low speed (completing the circuit through casing contact), the poor ground caused the controller's internal communication circuit to malfunction, distorting CAN signals. The technician sanded the paint from the earth point, applied conductive paste, and tightened the bolt to standard torque (normally 8-10 Nm). Earth resistance dropped to 0.1Ω. The fault code cleared and communication returned to normal.
Other Seal U Fault Codes
B1108For the BYD Song MAX (2017–2019), DTC B1108 indicates a short circuit in the PM2.5 air quality detection module (dust sensor) or its wiring harness. The sensor uses laser scattering to detect in-cabin and outside PM2.5 concentrations and transmits data to the HVAC ECU via the LIN bus or an analog signal. Short circuit conditions include: 1) Sensor power supply wire (+5V/+12V) shorted to ground 2) Signal wire shorted to power or ground 3) Short circuit in the sensor's internal photoelectric detection circuit This fault prevents the automatic climate control from switching between fresh air and recirculation based on air quality. The system enters fail-safe mode (typically forced recirculation). Severe short-circuit current can destroy the HVAC ECU sampling circuit. The system classifies this as a Level 3 severe fault and restricts vehicle operation to prevent electrical fires or controller damage. For other BYD models (such as the Qin EV, E5, and Song DM), B1108 indicates a driver-side sunload sensor fault, reflecting differences in DTC definitions across models.B110811This DTC indicates a short circuit in the air conditioning system PM2.5 air quality sensor (rapid detector). Specifically, abnormal continuity exists between the sensor power supply circuit or signal output circuit and body ground or battery positive. This causes the control module (ACU/air conditioning controller) to detect abnormal current or a voltage signal outside the valid range (typically 0V or supply voltage). The PM2.5 sensor monitors internal and external particulate concentrations, providing the data the automatic air conditioning system uses to switch between fresh air and recirculation modes. A short circuit disables the air quality monitoring function. This fault may force the air conditioning system into recirculation protection mode and trigger related thermal management system faults, as the air conditioning system acts as a key actuator in vehicle thermal management. In severe cases, the short circuit current can damage the internal sampling circuit of the air conditioning controller or overheat the wiring harness.B1109DTC B1109 indicates an open circuit in the communication line between the air conditioning system PM2.5 air quality sensor (dust concentration sensor) and the air conditioning control unit (AC ECU), or an open circuit within the sensor internal circuitry. Typically located in the air conditioning intake duct, this sensor monitors real-time PM2.5 particle concentration inside and outside the vehicle. It provides data to the automatic air conditioning system for intelligent switching between fresh air and recirculation modes and for controlling the air purification device. During an open circuit fault, the AC ECU cannot receive the air quality signal, triggering the system fail-safe mode. Symptoms typically include failure of the automatic recirculation function, abnormal air purification indicator light operation, or abnormal air quality data displayed on the air conditioning panel. Severe cases may compromise the cabin environment control strategy, but do not directly affect vehicle driving safety.B110913DTC B110913 indicates an open signal circuit for the PM2.5 rapid detector (in-cabin air quality sensor). This sensor typically mounts inside the air conditioning system intake duct. It monitors in-cabin PM2.5 concentration in real time and provides data to the automatic air conditioning system for intelligent control of the air purification function. The BYD diagnostic protocol uses sub-code '13' to specifically indicate an open signal circuit. Although this fault theoretically affects a comfort feature, BYD Qin series vehicles classify it as a Level 3 (severe) fault. This classification occurs because the air conditioning system interacts with the battery thermal management system (e.g., monitoring battery cooling intake air quality). The fault can disable the automatic air conditioning mode and prevent the air purification function from operating. In extreme cases, it affects the battery compartment intake air quality assessment, triggering the 'repair immediately' strategy.B110AThis DTC indicates interrupted CAN bus communication or abnormal data between the air conditioning control unit (ACU) and the PM2.5 air quality sensor. The PM2.5 sensor monitors particulate concentration inside and outside the vehicle and provides the basis for purification control in the automatic air conditioning system. The ACU triggers this fault if it fails to receive a valid CAN message from the sensor within the specified period (usually 100-500 ms), if message verification fails, or if the signal frame times out. Although this fault does not affect vehicle driving safety, it disables the automatic air purification function. The air conditioning system cannot automatically switch between recirculation and fresh air modes or activate the air purification mode based on air quality. A persistent fault may restrict the thermal management strategy.
Data confidence: Official This information is for reference only. Always consult a qualified technician for diagnosis and repair. Do not attempt high-voltage system repairs yourself.